Chalmers Conferences, LCM 2013

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF RARE EARTHS UNDER CONSIDERATION OF NEW SUPPLY TRENDS
Roberta Graf, Michael Held, Jan-Paul Linder

Last modified: 2014-09-11

Abstract


Rare earths contribute as material significantly to the Life Cycle Assessment of green technologies. New mining endeavors are likely to influence the future environmental profile of them. The developed method aspires to enable an estimation of the expected environmental characteristics. Based on a literature research the most influential factors are established. The process steps mining, beneficiation and separation are accounted for. Through a relevance analysis of potential and actual mining projects possible future production scenarios, based on best and worst case assumptions, are developed and reviewed. Their influence on the following parameters: country specific energy provision, type of mining, allocation method, rare earth oxide grade and Neodymium-grade is quantified.

Keywords


Life Cycle Assessment; Production Scenarios; Monazite; Neodymium; Rare Earth

References


British Geological Survey (Ed.). (2011). Rare Earth Elements. Commodity Profile. Available at: www.bgs.ac.uk/downloads/start.cfm?id=1638

Graf R. (2012). Ökobilanzielle Betrachtung von Seltenen Erden. Stuttgart, Germany: Universität Stuttgart.

Gupta C., Krishnamurthy N. (2005). Extractive metallurgy of rare earths. Boca Raton, USA. CRC Press.

PE International AG. (2012). GaBi 5 Software-System and Databases for Life Cycle Engineering. Leinfelden-Echterdingen, Germany.

Schüle D. et al. (2011). Study on Rare Earths and their Recycling. Öko-Institut e.V. Darmstadt, Germany.

U.S. Department of Energy (Ed.). (2010). Critical Materials Strategy.


Full Text: PDF