Last modified: 2014-09-11
Abstract
evaluated by the life cycle assessment combined with system dynamics. The
standard Norwegian road tunnel is defined as a 3 km long 9.5m wide (67 m2
cross-section) rock tunnel. The result shows that one meter standard tunnel
has 13 tons CO2eq emissions during its whole life. Construction stage
dominates nearly all air emissions in the tunnel life. The results also indicate
that the improved energy efficiency of construction machines in
combination with a decreased use of imported materials will play a key role
to lower the emissions from tunnel construction.
Keywords
References
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